There’s a wide array of signs, behaviors, and experiences that create an autism diagnosis–which is why this disorder is called a “spectrum.” If you have a child with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), understanding their level of autism is essential. The more you know, the better you and your family can help your child get the therapy and care they need to thrive.
What is the difference between autism and Asperger’s syndrome?
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and Asperger’s syndrome share many similarities. However, Asperger’s generally presents less severe symptoms of autism with higher levels of cognitive and language skills. In fact, they can be extremely high-functioning and find fulfillment and success in their lives and careers. However, like autistic people, those with Asperger’s have significant challenges with social skills.
Is Asperger’s syndrome still a recognized diagnosis?
Asperger’s syndrome is no longer a stand-alone diagnosis. It’s now under the umbrella of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). In other words, children and adults with signs and symptoms of Asperger’s now receive an ASD diagnosis.
How do symptoms of Asperger’s compare to those of autism?
While autism and Asperger’s Syndrome share many commonalities, there are some notable differences. Although Asperger’s is no longer a distinct diagnosis, it accurately describes some people with “high-functioning” ASD–now classified as level 1 ASD. Individuals with ASD and Asperger’s both struggle with social interactions and sensory overload. However, people with Asperger’s typically have above-average intelligence.
All in all, most people with autism, including Asperger’s, have specific challenges with:
- Interpersonal skills
- Interpreting the emotions of others
- Understanding nonverbal communication (e.g., facial expressions and body language)
- Hyperfixation on a particular subject or interest
- Emotional regulation, especially when routines are disrupted
- Sensory issues–hypersensitivity to lights, sounds, or textures
- Understanding other people’s feelings or perspectives
Why was Asperger’s syndrome reclassified under autism spectrum disorder?
Asperger’s syndrome was named after an Austrian pediatrician, Hans Asperger, who in 1944, identified a group of children who were highly intelligent but socially awkward and physically clumsy. However, in 2013, with the publication of the fifth edition of the American Psychiatric Association’s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5), the Asperger’s diagnosis was removed. The main reason for this action was to avoid the misconception that Asperger’s was a different condition from autism. There are now three distinct levels of autism that are identified when an individual receives a diagnosis of ASD.
Can someone be diagnosed with Asperger’s syndrome today?
No. As of 2013, Asperger’s is now considered part of the autism spectrum and is no longer diagnosed as a separate condition.
What are the main characteristics of Asperger’s syndrome?
Asperger’s syndrome was once a diagnosis that physicians used for a neurodevelopmental condition featuring mild, autism-like symptoms but with no significant language or cognitive deficits.
Here’s a brief summary of the diagnostic criteria for Asperger’s from the previous version of the DSM:
- Above-average intelligence
- No delays in language skills
- Difficulties interpreting social cues and emotions
- Lack of empathy
- Challenges with motor skills (e.g., clumsy, awkward)
- Strict adherence to routines or ritual behaviors
- Repetitive behaviors or movements
- Lack of interest in social activities
- Intense interest in specific topics
- Challenges in maintaining relationships
How does the treatment for Asperger’s differ from that for autism?
Asperger’s is now considered part of the autism spectrum. Although both conditions generally involve similar treatments, therapeutic approaches differ slightly from Asperger’s.
Intervention often focuses more on social skills training and typically includes the following therapies:
- Language and speech therapy
- Applied behavior analysis (ABA)
- Cognitive behavioral therapy
- Support groups
Are there differences in social skills between individuals with autism and those with Asperger’s?
Asperger’s, now diagnosed as level 1 ASD, typically has mild autistic symptoms and presents no language or intellectual delays. However, like a person with autism, those with Asperger’s have significant challenges with interpersonal skills, understanding social cues, and interpreting the emotions of others.
What led to the change in diagnostic criteria for Asperger’s syndrome?
The change was mainly due to the broad range of symptoms associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Diagnosticians determined it was challenging to clearly differentiate Asberger’s from ASD, and its characteristics were often indistinguishable from the symptoms of autism.
How do communication abilities differ between autism and Asperger’s syndrome?
There are some notable differences between autism and Asperger’s. Individuals with ASD often exhibit delayed language development and experience significant or profound difficulties verbalizing their thoughts and emotions. By contrast, children and adults with Asperger’s typically have well-developed communication skills and often possess a robust vocabulary. However, similar to autism, those with Asperger’s struggle with the nuanced aspects of language, such as sarcasm, irony, or figurative terms.
Support Services for Developmental Disabilities at Roman Empire Agency
If you have concerns about your autistic child, Roman Empire Agency offers comprehensive support and tailored treatment plans to help your loved one thrive.
Our aim is to support your child’s ongoing development through a personalized approach, helping them achieve their full potential now and into adulthood.
If you’d like to learn more about our services and how we can help you and your child, contact us today!
